| Securities Law |
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| (An Outline of Federal Securities Laws)More... |
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| Corporate Criminal Penalties |
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| Organizations may be held liable for criminal conduct just as individuals may be convicted of criminal conduct. The Organizational Sentencing Guidelines of the United States Sentencing Commission (Guidelines) apply to all federal felony and Class A misdemeanor offenses. Under the Guidelines, an organization can be fined, sentenced to probation for up to five years, subjected to statutory forfeiture, ordered to make restitution, and issue public apologies to victims. The term "organization" refers to "a person other than an individual." This includes publicly and privately held corporations, partnerships, associations, joint-stock companies, labor unions, trusts, pension funds, unincorporated organizations, non-profit entities, governments, and political subdivisions of governments. According to the Deputy Counsel for the United States Sentencing Commission, the most common criminal offense committed by an organization is fraud. Other common offenses include environmental pollution, money laundering, and food and drug violations. The Guidelines have two basic purposes: just punishment and deterrence.
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| Federal Regulation of Corporate Takeover Bids or Tender Offers |
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| Traditionally, proxies of shareholders of corporate takeover targets were sought for votes in favor of the takeover. Rules issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the content of proxies so that shareholders were able to make an informed decision provided some protection for shareholders. More... |
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| Duty of Loyalty |
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| RATIFICATION OF SELF-INTERESTED DIRECTOR TRANSACTIONSMore... |
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| CORPORATE DIRECTORS - AN OVERVIEW OF FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITIES |
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| AN OVERVIEW OF FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITIESMore... |
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